- 收录 Oxford 5000 C1 级别里描述"抽象关系、范围、特质"的名词——这批词是学术写作、论证文章的骨架词汇，中文里往往没有一一对应的说法。
- 涵盖范围/领域类（domain、realm、scope）和特质/关系类（attribute、essence、integrity），每个词配一个常用搭配。
- 学完能更精确地写议论文、分析报告，表达"某事物的本质/范围/特征"时不再词穷。
重点内容
| 英文 | 音标 | 中文 | 例句 | 常用搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| attribute (v., n.) | /əˈtrɪbjuːt/ | 归因于；属性 | She attributed her success to hard work. | attribute something to |
| dimension (n.) | /daɪˈmenʃn/ | 方面；维度 | The problem has an economic dimension. | a new dimension |
| entity (n.) | /ˈentəti/ | 实体；独立个体 | The company operates as a separate entity. | a legal entity |
| essence (n.) | /ˈesns/ | 本质；精髓 | Simplicity is the essence of good design. | the essence of |
| incidence (n.) | /ˈɪnsɪdəns/ | 发生率 | The incidence of the disease has fallen. | a high incidence |
| inherent (adj.) | /ɪnˈhɪərənt/ | 固有的；内在的 | There are inherent risks in the plan. | an inherent problem |
| integrity (n.) | /ɪnˈtegrəti/ | 正直；完整性 | She's known for her integrity. | professional integrity |
| parameter (n.) | /pəˈræmɪtə(r)/ | 参数；界限 | The project has clear parameters. | set parameters |
| realm (n.) | /relm/ | 领域；范畴 | This falls within the realm of science. | the realm of possibility |
| relevance (n.) | /ˈreləvəns/ | 相关性 | The topic has great relevance today. | lose relevance |
| scope (n.) | /skəʊp/ | 范围 | The scope of the study was limited. | widen the scope |
| spectrum (n.) | /ˈspektrəm/ | 范围；光谱 | Views range across the political spectrum. | a broad spectrum |
| virtue (n.) | /ˈvɜːtʃuː/ | 美德；优点 | Patience is a virtue. | by virtue of |
| contention (n.) | /kənˈtenʃn/ | 论点；争论 | His contention is that the plan will fail. | a bone of contention |
| contradiction (n.) | /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkʃn/ | 矛盾 | There's a contradiction in her statement. | a blatant contradiction |
| distinction (n.) | /dɪˈstɪŋkʃn/ | 区别；优秀 | There's a clear distinction between the two. | draw a distinction |
| momentum (n.) | /məˈmentəm/ | 势头；动力 | The campaign gained momentum. | gain momentum |
| amid (prep.) | /əˈmɪd/ | 在……之中 | The company grew amid economic uncertainty. | amid controversy |
| array (n.) | /əˈreɪ/ | 一系列；大量 | The shop offers a wide array of products. | a wide array of |
| constraint (n.) | /kənˈstreɪnt/ | 限制；约束 | Budget constraints limited the project. | financial constraints |
| domain (n.) | /dəˈmeɪn/ | 领域 | This falls outside my domain of expertise. | the public domain |
| dominance (n.) | /ˈdɒmɪnəns/ | 主导地位 | The company maintains market dominance. | market dominance |
| excess (n., adj.) | /ɪkˈses/ | 过量；过剩的 | He ate to excess. | to excess |
| feat (n.) | /fiːt/ | 壮举；成就 | Climbing the mountain was quite a feat. | an impressive feat |
| niche (n.) | /niːʃ/ | 利基；合适的位置 | The company found its niche in the market. | a market niche |
| prevalence (n.) | /ˈprevələns/ | 普遍；流行程度 | The prevalence of smoking has declined. | high prevalence |
| provision (n.) | /prəˈvɪʒn/ | 条款；供应 | The contract includes a special provision. | make provision for |
| quest (n.) | /kwest/ | 追求；探索 | She's on a quest for the truth. | a quest for |
| residue (n.) | /ˈrezɪdjuː/ | 残留物 | Wipe away any soap residue. | leave a residue |
| specification (n.) | /ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | 规格；说明 | The product meets all specifications. | technical specifications |
| threshold (n.) | /ˈθreʃhəʊld/ | 阈值；门槛 | Income above this threshold is taxed. | a pain threshold |
*scope*（研究/项目的范围）跟 *realm*（更抽象的"领域、范畴"）都能翻译成「范围」，但 scope 更常搭配具体项目，realm 更常搭配抽象概念，如 the realm of imagination。
Sources
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