- 「当时一定是……」「可能是……」「不可能是……」——推断过去发生的事，中文靠语气词，英文靠 must have / might have / can't have。
- must have + 过去分词，表示对过去的事情很有把握（一定是）。
- might have / may have + 过去分词，表示可能发生过但不确定；may 比 might 更正式。
- can't have / couldn't have + 过去分词，表示几乎确定不可能发生。
- 跟推断现在不同，这里一定要加 have + 过去分词，直接接过去式（must drove）是最常见的错误。
重点内容
must have + 过去分词
当你对过去发生的事情很有把握，用 must have + past participle。
- Who told the newspapers? It must have been someone close to him.
→ 一定是他身边的人泄露的。 - The thief must have had a key. The door was locked and nothing was broken.
→ 小偷一定有钥匙。（因为门没被撬坏） - Mo must have bought some milk yesterday.
→ 莫昨天一定买了牛奶。（因为冰箱里有）
might have / may have + 过去分词
认为某件事可能发生过，但不确定，用 might have / may have + past participle。
- I think I might have left the air conditioning on.
→ 我可能忘了关冷气。 - Police think the suspect may have left the country using a fake passport.
→ 警方认为嫌疑人可能用假护照出境了。
may have 比 might have 更正式。could have 也可以用，但比较少见。
can't have / couldn't have + 过去分词
认为某件事不可能发生过，用 can't have / couldn't have + past participle。
- She can't have driven there. Her car keys are still here.
→ 她不可能开车去的，钥匙还在这里。 - I thought I saw Adnan but it couldn't have been him – he's in Greece this week.
→ 不可能是他，他这周在希腊。
例句练习
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| You look exhausted. You must have worked all night. | 你看起来很累，你一定工作了一整晚。 |
| She might have missed the bus. | 她可能错过了公车。 |
| He can't have eaten already – dinner just started. | 他不可能已经吃完了，晚饭刚开始。 |
| They must have left before we arrived. | 他们一定在我们到之前就走了。 |
| I couldn't have passed without your help. | 没有你的帮助，我不可能通过的。 |
常见错误
❌ She must drove there.
✅ She must have driven there. （情态动词推断过去，必须加 have + 过去分词，不能直接用过去式）
❌ He can't drove the car.
✅ He can't have driven the car. （can't 后面要接 have + 过去分词，不是直接过去式）
❌ They might have went to the party.
✅ They might have gone to the party. （have 后面要用过去分词 gone，不是过去式 went）
Sources
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