- it's（缩写）和 its（所有格）这两个词长得几乎一样，是华人写作里最容易失分的低级错误之一。
- 大写规则分三块：星期/月份/节日要大写但季节不用；人名地名连带衍生的语言/国籍/宗教词也要大写；职称只有跟在名字前面才大写。
- 撇号两种用法分清楚：缩写省略字母（don't、it's）、所有格表示「谁的」（cat's、parents'）。
- 单数名词所有格加 's，复数以 s 结尾的只加撇号（parents'），这条最容易搞反。
- B1 写作必考的基本功，规则不难但细节多，容易在小地方栽跟头。
重点内容
大写字母（Capitalisation）
日期、月份与节日
星期、月份、节假日要大写，但季节不用大写。
- His birthday party is on Thursday.
- Schools are closed at Christmas.
- It rains a lot in April and May, but the summer is very dry.（summer 不大写）
人名与地名
人名、地名（街道、星球、大洲、国家）要大写。
- Bea Jankowski has lived on Church Street in Manchester for 20 years.
- The Earth is the third planet from the Sun.
- Russia is in both Europe and Asia.
从地名衍生出来的词——语言、国籍、形容词——也要大写；宗教相关的名词和形容词也一样。
- Some Canadians speak French.
- Londoners eat a lot of Indian food.
- Most Muslims fast during the day for Ramadan.
职称与机构名称
- 机构名称、书名/电影名的重要词要大写
- 职称放在名字前面，职称和名字都大写；职称单独出现（不跟名字），只有名字大写
✅ Salome Zourabichvili, the president of Georgia, is visiting President Alvi tomorrow. ✅ The chief executive officer lives in New York.（单独出现，不大写） ✅ We are reading War and Peace with Ms Ioana, our teacher.
撇号（Apostrophes）
撇号有两种用途：缩写 和 所有格。
缩写（Contractions）
撇号表示省略了某些字母。
| 缩写 | 完整形式 |
|---|---|
| It's | It is / It has |
| Don't | Do not |
| Won't | Will not |
| Can't | Cannot |
| She's | She is / She has |
| I'd | I would |
| You'll | You will |
特别注意：it's vs its
- it's = it is 或 it has（缩写）
- its = 它的（所有格，没有撇号）
✅ The dog is chasing its tail.（它的尾巴） ✅ It's really cold today.（It is really cold） ✅ It's rained a lot this week.（It has rained）
所有格（Possession）
在名词后加 's 表示「谁的东西」。
- My cat's favourite toy is a small, red ball.（猫的玩具）
- Sadiq's parents live in Liverpool.
- South Korea's economy is growing.
单数名词 → 加 's
- Marie's mother is going to Hong Kong.
- James's brother-in-law is German.
- Dickens's novels（单数以 s 结尾，一般还是用 's）
复数名词（不以 s 结尾） → 加 's
- The People's Republic of China
- My cousin writes children's books.
复数名词（以 s 结尾） → 只加 '（撇号放在 s 后面）
- This is a picture of my parents' house.（parents 是复数，结尾有 s）
- Our friends' new car is red.（朋友们的车）
例句练习
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| She can't drive because she's broken her leg. | 她不能开车，因为她腿断了。（两个缩写） |
| The dog is chasing its tail. | 那只狗在追自己的尾巴。（its = 它的） |
| It's rained a lot this week. | 这周雨下了很多。（It has） |
| This is my parents' house. | 这是我父母的家。（复数所有格） |
| James's sister lives in London. | James 的姐姐住在伦敦。（单数所有格） |
常见错误
❌ The dog is chasing it's tail. ✅ The dog is chasing its tail.
*it's* 是缩写（it is/has），*its* 才是所有格，这是最常考的混淆点。
❌ I love christmas and new year. ✅ I love Christmas and New Year.
节假日要大写，季节不用。
❌ My parents's house is big. ✅ My parents' house is big.
*parents* 是复数且以 s 结尾，撇号放在 s 后面，不再加 s。
❌ She study's english in university. ✅ She studies English at university.
语言名称要大写；study 的第三人称单数是 studies，不是 study's（'s 不是缩写/所有格用法）。
Sources
British Council – Learn English: