虚拟语气

这课学什么

「It's essential that he be there」——he 后面用 be，不是 is，也不是写错。这是英语里少数还活着的虚拟语气。
现代英语的虚拟语气只剩三种：命令式虚拟（insist that she go）、were 虚拟（if I were you）、固定短语（be that as it may）。
在美式英语、法律文件、正式报告里很常见；英式英语口语常用 should + 原形代替。
学完能看懂合约、会议记录里的虚拟句，也能自己写出正式的建议和要求。

重点内容

表示要求、建议、坚持、必要的动词、形容词、名词后面的 that 从句，动词用原形，不管主语是谁：

触发词	例句
insist / demand / recommend / suggest / propose	The board insisted that the CEO resign.
It is essential / vital / crucial / important that	It is vital that every student attend the briefing.
the requirement / proposal / recommendation that	The recommendation that the policy be reviewed was accepted.

主语是第三人称单数也不加 -s：that he attend（不是 attends）。

否定：not 直接放在原形前面，不用 do：

被动：be + 过去分词：

英式英语常用 should 代替虚拟，意思一样：

在 if、wish、as if、as though、suppose、would rather 后面，表示与现实相反，所有人称都用 were：

口语里 If I was you 也常听到，但正式写作用 were。

这些是古英语留下来的固定说法，动词形式不能改：

英文	中文
The lawyer insisted that the contract be signed before Friday.	律师坚持合约要在星期五之前签好。
It is crucial that each applicant submit the form in person.	每位申请人必须亲自提交表格，这点非常重要。
I wish the traffic in KL were lighter.	真希望吉隆坡的交通没那么堵。
Be that as it may, we still need the budget approved.	尽管如此，我们还是需要预算获批。
Come what may, I'll finish this degree.	不管发生什么，我都会读完这个学位。

❌ The manager suggested that he attends the training.
✅ The manager suggested that he attend the training.

命令式虚拟用原形，第三人称单数也不加 -s。

❌ They recommended that she doesn't travel alone.
✅ They recommended that she not travel alone.

虚拟语气的否定直接用 not + 原形，不用 do/does。

❌ If I was the Prime Minister, I would build more LRT lines.（正式写作）
✅ If I were the Prime Minister, I would build more LRT lines.

与现实相反的假设，正式写作用 were。

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