- 承接《词汇 panorama–perjury》，继续按字母顺序收录 C2 词表，这篇收 P 开头的一批（permanence - plunder）。
- 涵盖"渗透/蔓延"类动词（permeate、pervade、pervasive）和慈善相关词（philanthropic、philanthropist）。
- 学完继续扩充高阶词汇量。
重点内容
| 英文 | 音标 | 中文 | 例句 | 常用搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| permanence (n.) | /ˈpɜːmənəns/ | 永久性 | questioned the permanence of the peace deal | a sense of permanence |
| permeate (v.) | /ˈpɜːmieɪt/ | 渗透；弥漫 | fear permeated the entire building | permeate the culture |
| permutation (n.) | /ˌpɜːmjuˈteɪʃn/ | 排列组合 | tried every possible permutation | a permutation of options |
| pernicious (adj.) | /pəˈnɪʃəs/ | 有害的；恶性的 | a pernicious influence on the young | a pernicious effect |
| perpetrator (n.) | /ˈpɜːpətreɪtə(r)/ | 犯罪者 | the perpetrator was arrested that night | the perpetrator of a crime |
| perpetual (adj.) | /pəˈpetʃuəl/ | 永久的；不断的 | lived in a state of perpetual anxiety | a perpetual reminder |
| perpetuate (v.) | /pəˈpetʃueɪt/ | 使永存；延续 | policies that perpetuate inequality | perpetuate a myth |
| perplexity (n.) | /pəˈpleksəti/ | 困惑 | stared at the map in perplexity | sheer perplexity |
| persecute (v.) | /ˈpɜːsɪkjuːt/ | 迫害 | persecuted for their religious beliefs | persecute a minority |
| perseverance (n.) | /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ | 坚持不懈 | succeeded through sheer perseverance | remarkable perseverance |
| perspicacious (adj.) | /ˌpɜːspɪˈkeɪʃəs/ | 有洞察力的 | a perspicacious observation | a perspicacious critic |
| perturbed (adj.) | /pəˈtɜːbd/ | 不安的；烦恼的 | seemed perturbed by the news | visibly perturbed |
| peruse (v.) | /pəˈruːz/ | 仔细阅读 | perused the contract carefully | peruse a document |
| pervade (v.) | /pəˈveɪd/ | 弥漫；渗透 | a sense of gloom pervaded the room | pervade the atmosphere |
| pervasive (adj.) | /pəˈveɪsɪv/ | 普遍存在的 | a pervasive sense of distrust | a pervasive problem |
| pervert (v.) | /pəˈvɜːt/ | 曲解；败坏 | accused of perverting the course of justice | pervert the truth |
| pessimism (n.) | /ˈpesɪmɪzəm/ | 悲观主义 | growing pessimism about the economy | economic pessimism |
| petulant (adj.) | /ˈpetʃələnt/ | 任性的；易怒的 | a petulant outburst over nothing | a petulant child |
| philanthropic (adj.) | /ˌfɪlənˈθrɒpɪk/ | 慈善的 | funded by a philanthropic foundation | philanthropic work |
| philanthropist (n.) | /fɪˈlænθrəpɪst/ | 慈善家 | a wealthy philanthropist donated the wing | a generous philanthropist |
| philistine (n.) | /ˈfɪlɪstiːn/ | 缺乏文化修养的人 | dismissed as a philistine by critics | an uncultured philistine |
| phlegmatic (adj.) | /flegˈmætɪk/ | 冷静的；不易激动的 | remained phlegmatic under pressure | a phlegmatic temperament |
| phoenix (n.) | /ˈfiːnɪks/ | 凤凰 | rose like a phoenix from the ashes | rise like a phoenix |
| piety (n.) | /ˈpaɪəti/ | 虔诚 | known for his religious piety | deep piety |
| pillage (v.) | /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/ | 掠夺 | villages pillaged during the war | pillage and plunder |
| pinnacle (n.) | /ˈpɪnəkl/ | 顶点；顶峰 | reached the pinnacle of her career | the pinnacle of success |
| pioneering (adj.) | /ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ/ | 开创性的 | pioneering work in medicine | pioneering research |
| pious (adj.) | /ˈpaɪəs/ | 虔诚的 | raised in a pious household | a pious believer |
| pique (n.) | /piːk/ | 生气；不悦 | left the room in a fit of pique | a fit of pique |
| piracy (n.) | /ˈpaɪərəsi/ | 盗版；海盗行为 | software piracy costs billions | online piracy |
| pitfall (n.) | /ˈpɪtfɔːl/ | 陷阱；隐患 | common pitfalls for new investors | avoid the pitfalls |
| pithy (adj.) | /ˈpɪθi/ | 言简意赅的 | a pithy summary of the argument | a pithy remark |
| pittance (n.) | /ˈpɪtəns/ | 微薄的收入 | worked for a mere pittance | earn a pittance |
| placate (v.) | /pləˈkeɪt/ | 安抚；平息 | tried to placate the angry customer | placate critics |
| placebo (n.) | /pləˈsiːbəʊ/ | 安慰剂 | given a placebo instead of medicine | a placebo effect |
| placid (adj.) | /ˈplæsɪd/ | 平静的 | a placid lake at dawn | a placid temperament |
| plagiarism (n.) | /ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/ | 剽窃 | expelled for plagiarism | accused of plagiarism |
| plaintiff (n.) | /ˈpleɪntɪf/ | 原告 | the plaintiff sued for damages | the plaintiff's lawyer |
| plasticity (n.) | /plæˈstɪsəti/ | 可塑性 | the brain's remarkable plasticity | neural plasticity |
| platitude (n.) | /ˈplætɪtjuːd/ | 陈词滥调 | offered only empty platitudes | tired platitudes |
| playwright (n.) | /ˈpleɪraɪt/ | 剧作家 | a celebrated playwright and director | a renowned playwright |
| plebiscite (n.) | /ˈplebɪsaɪt/ | 全民公投 | decided the issue by plebiscite | hold a plebiscite |
| plethora (n.) | /ˈpleθərə/ | 过多；过剩 | a plethora of options to choose from | a plethora of choices |
| plight (n.) | /plaɪt/ | 困境 | drew attention to the refugees' plight | the plight of refugees |
| ploy (n.) | /plɔɪ/ | 策略；花招 | dismissed it as a marketing ploy | a clever ploy |
| plunder (v.) | /ˈplʌndə(r)/ | 掠夺 | invaders plundered the temple's treasures | plunder resources |
*pervade*（弥漫；渗透，动词）跟 *pervasive*（普遍存在的，形容词）是同根词——一个描述"扩散的动作"，一个描述"已经无处不在的状态"，写作时注意词性搭配。
Sources
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